Différences

Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.

--- traduction_the_code_breakers_partie_5 [2008/03/26 00:50] – modification MichelRenon
+++ traduction_the_code_breakers_partie_5 [2008/03/26 00:51] (Version actuelle) – modification migrate-to-doku
@@ Ligne 1: / Ligne 1: @@
+:25:26,450 --> 00:25:28,700
+The key advantage was having
+L'avantage clé était d'avoir
+:25:28,750 --> 00:25:31,700
+instant access to the source code.
+l'accès instantané au code source.
+:25:32,200 --> 00:25:34,200
+Could Free and Open Source Software
+En connectant fermiers, producteurs
+:25:34,250 --> 00:25:35,200
+connecting farmers
+et clients via le world wide web,
+:25:35,250 --> 00:25:36,400
+and food producers with buyers
+les LLO seraient-ils
+:25:36,450 --> 00:25:38,100
+through the world wide web,
+une autre étape pour
+:25:38,150 --> 00:25:41,200
+be another step towards bridging the digital divide?
+réduire la fracture numérique ?
+:25:40,700 --> 00:25:43,700
+CHAPTER 7: WEB BEARS FRUIT
+CHAPITRE 7 : LE WEB PORTE SES FRUITS
+:25:45,200 --> 00:25:46,700
+Throughout the world
+A travers le monde
+:25:46,750 --> 00:25:48,700
+small and medium scale farmers
+petits et moyens fermiers
+:25:48,750 --> 00:25:49,700
+have to get their goods
+doivent passer par des intermédiaires
+:25:49,750 --> 00:25:51,200
+to market via middlemen.
+pour vendre leurs produits.
+:25:51,700 --> 00:25:54,200
+In Malaysia, Free and Open Source Software
+En Malaisie, les LLO
+:25:54,250 --> 00:25:57,355
+is helping them to avoid the intermediaries.
+les aident à contourner les intermédiaires.
+:25:58,200 --> 00:26:00,900
+Agribazaar - an online marketing tool
+Agribazaar, un outil de marketing en ligne
+:26:00,950 --> 00:26:02,700
+for small to medium enterprises
+pour PME
+:26:02,700 --> 00:26:04,100
+to market their products locally
+d'aide à la vente locale
+:26:04,150 --> 00:26:05,200
+as well as globally-
+ainsi qu'internationale
+:26:05,250 --> 00:26:07,700
+was created using Open Source Software.
+a été créé grâce aux LLO.
+:26:08,200 --> 00:26:09,700
+It is made by a government
+Il est créé par une organisation
+:26:09,700 --> 00:26:11,500
+research and development organization
+gouvernementale de recherche et développement
+:26:11,550 --> 00:26:13,300
+called MIMOS that is supported
+appelée MIMOS, qui est soutenue
+:26:13,350 --> 00:26:14,500
+by the Agriculture Ministry
+par le ministère de l'Agriculture
+:26:14,550 --> 00:26:17,900
+who claims that by using FOSS it saved money
+qui déclare qu'en utilisant les LLO,
+:26:17,950 --> 00:26:20,300
+on the total cost of ownership, in other words
+ils ont économisé sur le coût total de propriété, c'est à dire
+:26:20,350 --> 00:26:23,200
+all the costs associated with the project.
+l'ensemble des coûts associés au projet.
+:26:23,700 --> 00:26:25,700
+We could have used proprietary software
+Nous aurions pu utiliser des logiciels propriétaires
+:26:25,750 --> 00:26:27,300
+to develop Agribazaar
+pour créer Agribazaar
+:26:27,350 --> 00:26:30,700
+but it would cost us higher to own
+mais cela nous couterait plus cher de posséder
+:26:30,700 --> 00:26:32,700
+the total cost of ownership
+le coût total de propriété
+:26:32,750 --> 00:26:36,300
+if you are using proprietary would be higher than
+Utiliser les logiciels propriétaires coûterait plus cher
+:26:36,350 --> 00:26:39,700
+if you are using Free Open Source Software.
+qu'utiliser les LLO.
+:26:40,300 --> 00:26:43,700
+MIMOS says the equivalent of 25,000 US dollars
+MIMOS déclare avoir économisé l'équivalent de
+:26:43,750 --> 00:26:45,100
+was saved in software licences
+000 dollars en achat de logiciels
+:26:45,150 --> 00:26:48,100
+and by using [[my_sql|MySQL]]? FOSS server software
+et en utilisant le serveur libre [[my_sql|MySQL]]
+:26:48,150 --> 00:26:50,200
+instead of the proprietary alternatives.
+au lieu des logiciels propriétaires.
+:26:50,250 --> 00:26:52,700
+MIMOS claims that in the long term
+MIMOS déclare qu'à long terme
+:26:52,750 --> 00:26:54,400
+further savings are expected
+d'autres économies sont prévues
+:26:54,450 --> 00:26:56,200
+by not having to pay for
+en n'ayant pas à payer
+:26:56,250 --> 00:26:58,065
+software upgrades in the future.
+pour les futures mises à jours des logiciels.
+:26:59,200 --> 00:27:02,100
+Agribazaar also helps small-scale food producers
+Agribazaar aide aussi les petits producteurs
+:27:02,150 --> 00:27:03,700
+like these women,
+comme ces femmes,
+:27:03,750 --> 00:27:06,100
+they cook and package these snacks all day
+elles cuisinent et préparent ces en-cas toute la journée
+:27:06,300 --> 00:27:08,700
+Through Agribazaar they are now directly
+Avec Agribazaar, elles sont maintenant
+:27:08,750 --> 00:27:09,700
+connected to the buyers
+directement connectées aux acheteurs
+:27:09,750 --> 00:27:12,920
+enabling them to negotiate their own prices.
+elles peuvent négocier directement les prix.
+:27:13,500 --> 00:27:16,100
+Malaysia's digital divide is between the poor and rich
+La fracture numérique en Malaisie est entre riches et pauvres
+:27:16,150 --> 00:27:18,800
+but this applies regardless of where you live.
+mais c'est partout pareil.
+:27:18,850 --> 00:27:21,100
+The point that has never satisfactorily
+La question jamais vraiment résolue
+:27:21,150 --> 00:27:23,800
+been answered is the digital chicken and egg.
+est celle de la poule et l'oeuf numérique.
+:27:23,800 --> 00:27:25,800
+does being connected create wealth?
+Etre connecté créé de la richesse ?
+:27:25,850 --> 00:27:27,800
+or is connectivity a sign of it?
+Ou être connecté est un signe de richesse ?
+:27:27,800 --> 00:27:30,700
+The provincial government of Extremadura
+Le gouvernement provincial de Extremadura
+:27:30,750 --> 00:27:33,200
+in South West Spain is in no doubt.
+dans le sud ouest de l'Espagne n'a aucun doute.
+:27:33,650 --> 00:27:37,500
+CHAPTER 8: REGIONAL CONNECTIONS
+CHAPITRE 8 : CONNECTIONS REGIONALES
+:27:38,150 --> 00:27:40,300
+Badajoz, is the ancient capital
+Badajoz est l'ancienne capitale
+:27:40,350 --> 00:27:41,800
+of the Extremadura region.
+de la région Extremadura.
+:27:41,850 --> 00:27:43,100
+This Spanish province,
+Cette province espagnole,
+:27:43,160 --> 00:27:45,100
+the size of Belgium used to be one of
+de la taille de la Belgique, était
+:27:45,150 --> 00:27:46,700
+the most economically backward parts
+l'une des plus en retard au niveau économique
+:27:46,750 --> 00:27:48,100
+of Western Europe.
+de l'Europe de l'ouest.
+:27:48,150 --> 00:27:51,200
+Its telephone grid was only just completed in 1980.
+Son réseau téléphonique n'a été terminé qu'en 1980,
+:27:51,250 --> 00:27:54,100
+Now it has leapfrogged the rest of Spain,
+Maintenant, elle a dépassé le reste de l'Espagne,
+:27:54,150 --> 00:27:56,300
+with an Intranet connecting the entire region.
+avec un intranet connectant la région entière.
+:27:57,000 --> 00:27:58,700
+The twin challenges to connecting
+Les deux obstacles à surmonter pour connecter
+:27:58,750 --> 00:28:00,300
+a scattered population
+une population éparpillée
+:28:00,350 --> 00:28:03,100
+of just one million were distance and money.
+d'un million de personnes étaient la distance et l'argent.
+:28:03,450 --> 00:28:08,100
+If we could get all the schools connected,
+Si nous pouvions connecter toutes les écoles,
+:28:08,150 --> 00:28:10,700
+we could get the whole of the region connected.
+nous pouvions connecter toute la région.
+:28:10,750 --> 00:28:13,100
+Because every village has a school.
+Car chaque village a une école.
+:28:13,150 --> 00:28:15,100
+We also had another goal to have
+Nous avions également un autre objectif :
+:28:15,150 --> 00:28:16,700
+one computer for every two pupils.
+fournir un ordinateur pour 2 enfants.
+:28:16,750 --> 00:28:19,700
+The estimates were pretty frightening
+Les estimations étaient assez effrayantes
+:28:19,750 --> 00:28:22,200
+because we were talking of
+car nous parlions d'environ
+:28:22,250 --> 00:28:23,700
+around 100,000 computers,
+000 ordinateurs,
+:28:23,750 --> 00:28:25,700
+more or less a hundred thousand,
+plus ou moins cent mille,
+:28:25,750 --> 00:28:28,100
+and of course the first thing
+et bien sûr la première chose
+:28:28,150 --> 00:28:31,700
+was to boot up the computers,
+était de démarrer les ordinateurs,
+:28:31,750 --> 00:28:33,100
+we were going to have pay
+nous allions devoir payer
+:28:33,150 --> 00:28:38,300
+-20 million euros, just to boot them up.
+à 20 milliond d'euros, seulement pour les démarrer.
+:28:38,350 --> 00:28:41,700
+And from there began the possibility
+A partir de là l'idée d'utiliser les LLO
+:28:41,750 --> 00:28:44,100
+to start using free software.
+est partie de là.
+:28:44,150 --> 00:28:46,100
+The thought process was
+L'idée était :
+:28:46,150 --> 00:28:50,100
+if we manage to get this stuff on the web,
+si nous pouvons trouver ce truc sur le web
+:28:50,150 --> 00:28:51,100
+that's free software
+c'est du logiciel libre
+:28:51,150 --> 00:28:53,150
+and if we can use it on those computers,
+et si nous pouvons l'utiliser sur ces machines,
+:28:53,450 --> 00:28:56,100
+we will save ourselves in the region
+nous allons faire économiser à la région
+:28:56,150 --> 00:28:58,100
+of 20 million euros when
+millions d'euros
+:28:58,150 --> 00:28:59,900
+the whole system is up and running.
+pour avoir le système complet et fonctionnel.
+:29:00,150 --> 00:29:02,100
+All the new computers are running [[lin_ex|LinEx]]?,
+Tous les nouveaux ordinateurs utilisent [[lin_ex|LinEx]]
+:29:02,150 --> 00:29:05,300
+a Spanish version of Linux developed locally.
+une version espagnole de Linux développée localement.
+:29:05,350 --> 00:29:07,100
+According to figures released by the
+D'après les chiffres donnés par
+:29:07,150 --> 00:29:08,400
+Regional Minister of Infrastructures
+le Ministère Régional des Infrastructures
+:29:08,450 --> 00:29:10,100
+and Technological Development
+et du Développement Technologique
+:29:10,100 --> 00:29:12,100
+the use of Free Software
+l'utilisation des Logiciels Libres
+:29:12,150 --> 00:29:13,700
+cost nearly two hundred thousand euros
+a coûté presque 200 000 euros
+:29:13,750 --> 00:29:19,100
+in 2002-2003, the period of installation.
+en 2002-2003, pour la période d'installation.
+:29:19,150 --> 00:29:22,100
+,000 copies went to schools.
+000 copies de logiciel ont été livrées aux écoles.
+:29:22,150 --> 00:29:24,100
+The authorities claim that
+Les autorités déclarent que
+:29:24,150 --> 00:29:26,100
+if they'd bought proprietary software
+si elles avaient acheté des logiciels propriétaires
+:29:26,150 --> 00:29:29,100
+it would have cost then about 30 million euros.
+cela aurait couté environ 30 millions d'euros.
+:29:29,400 --> 00:29:32,100
+The [[lin_ex|LinEx]]? team also claims that
+L'équipe de [[lin_ex|LinEx]] déclare aussi
+:29:32,150 --> 00:29:34,100
+Free and Open Source Software
+que les LLO vont faire économiser
+:29:34,150 --> 00:29:36,100
+will actually save Extremadura money
+de l'argent à la région Extremadura
+:29:36,150 --> 00:29:39,100
+by extending the useful life of its computers.
+en augmentant la durée de vie de ses ordinateurs.
+:29:39,200 --> 00:29:41,300
+On one side there's a saving made
+D'un coté, il y a économie
+:29:41,350 --> 00:29:45,100
+on software but on the other side
+sur le logiciel, mais d'un autre coté
+:29:45,150 --> 00:29:47,300
+there's been a enormous investment in hardware
+il y a eu un énorme investissement dans le matériel
+:29:47,350 --> 00:29:51,100
+Now this cost is expected to be amortized over time
+Maintenant, ce coût devrait être amorti dans le temps
+:29:51,150 --> 00:29:54,100
+because these computers will be
+car ces ordinateurs pourront être
+:29:54,150 --> 00:29:56,100
+able to be used for longer
+utilisés plus longtemps
+:29:56,150 --> 00:29:57,400
+because the operating system used
+car le système d'exploitation installé
+:29:57,450 --> 00:30:01,100
+is supported by ourselves and
+est maintenu par nous-mêmes
+:30:01,150 --> 00:30:02,500
+we can modify it
+et nous pouvons le modifier
+:30:02,550 --> 00:30:04,100
+to match our hardware.
+pour s'adapter à notre matériel.
+:30:04,150 --> 00:30:05,700
+Because one of the interesting things
+Parce qu'un des aspects intéressants
+:30:05,750 --> 00:30:07,100
+about Free Software is that
+du Logiciel Libre est que
+:30:07,150 --> 00:30:10,100
+we can adapt the software tools
+nous pouvons adapter les logiciels
+:30:10,150 --> 00:30:12,100
+to suit our needs in many instances.
+pour correspondre à nos différents besoins.
+:30:13,150 --> 00:30:14,700
+Extremadura is also providing
+Extremadura propose aussi
+:30:14,750 --> 00:30:17,100
+free training in computer literacy courses
+des cours gratuits d'informatique
+:30:17,150 --> 00:30:20,100
+using FOSS funded by the local authorities.
+utilisant les LLO, financés par les autorités locales.
+:30:20,150 --> 00:30:21,700
+Various websites have evolved
+Plusieurs sites web ont été créés
+:30:21,750 --> 00:30:23,100
+from the computer courses,
+à partir de cours d'informatique,
+:30:23,150 --> 00:30:25,100
+including one with the recordings of
+comme celui contenant des enregistrements
+:30:25,150 --> 00:30:26,700
+hundreds of village church bells
+des centaines de cloches de villages
+:30:26,750 --> 00:30:28,100
+from around Extremadura.
+autour d'Extremadura.
+:30:28,150 --> 00:30:31,100
+Apparently by accessing the site
+Il semble qu'en se connectant au site
+:30:31,150 --> 00:30:33,100
+and playing their local church bells,
+et en écoutant les cloches de leur village,
+:30:33,150 --> 00:30:35,100
+expats and migrant villagers,
+les expatriés et villageois migrants
+:30:35,150 --> 00:30:36,100
+some who've moved as far away
+certains qui sont partis très loin, en Amérique latine par exemple
+:30:36,150 --> 00:30:39,100
+as Latin America, feel less homesick!
+se sentent moins nostalgiques !
+:30:40,150 --> 00:30:42,100
+As yet only three of Spain's
+Aujourd'hui, seules 3 des 17 autres
+:30:42,150 --> 00:30:45,100
+other provinces have plans to follow suit,
+provinces espagnoles ont prévu de suivre l'exemple,
+:30:45,150 --> 00:30:49,000
+but Extremadura claims it is the only region in Europe
+mais Extremadura déclare qu'elle est la seule région en Europe
+:30:49,050 --> 00:30:50,100
+with one computer between
+avec un ordinateur pour 2 élèves
+:30:50,150 --> 00:30:52,100
+two students in secondary schools
+en collège/lycée
+:30:52,150 --> 00:30:54,100
+and says that this is in large-part
+et cela en grande partie
+:30:54,150 --> 00:30:55,300
+thanks to the use of
+grâce à l'utilisation
+:30:55,350 --> 00:30:57,100
+Free an Open Source Software.
+des Logiciel Libres et Ouverts.
+:30:57,150 --> 00:30:59,300
+Microsoft is not yet asking
+Microsoft ne demande pas encore
+:30:59,350 --> 00:31:01,100
+for whom the bell tolls.
+pour qui sonne le glas.
+:31:01,900 --> 00:31:04,700
+The size of the challenge in providing access
+Le défi de proposer l'accès
+:31:04,750 --> 00:31:05,700
+to information technology
+aux technologies de l'information
+:31:05,750 --> 00:31:08,100
+particulary, in the developing world
+dans les pays en voie de développement,
+:31:08,150 --> 00:31:09,900
+in the education sector
+dans le secteur éducatif,
+:31:09,950 --> 00:31:11,400
+is so large that I think
+est si vaste que je pense
+:31:11,450 --> 00:31:13,150
+there is room for both models,
+qu'il y a de la place pour les deux modèles
+:31:13,200 --> 00:31:15,100
+and we all have a role to play
+et nous avons tous un rôle à jouer
+:31:15,150 --> 00:31:17,100
+in making sure that kids have access
+pour être sûrs que nos enfants auront
+:31:17,150 --> 00:31:18,700
+to the tools they need
+tous les outils nécessaires
+:31:18,750 --> 00:31:19,800
+for the 21st century.
+pour le 21ème siècle.
+:31:20,150 --> 00:31:22,700
+Our final look at FOSS in action
+Notre dernier exemple des LLO en action
+:31:22,750 --> 00:31:25,100
+take us to the far corners of the globe.
+nous emmène à l'autre bout du monde.
+:31:27,000 --> 00:31:29,000
+CHAPTER 9: MANAGING EVOLUTION
+CHAPITRE 9 : GERER L'EVOLUTION
+:31:29,150 --> 00:31:30,300
+The Galapagos are
+Les Galapados sont un ensemble d'îles
+:31:30,350 --> 00:31:33,100
+a set of islands off the coast of Ecuador,
+au large de l'Equateur
+:31:33,150 --> 00:31:34,400
+where once the only outside visitors
+où les seuls visiteurs
+:31:34,450 --> 00:31:36,500
+were intrepid scientists,
+étaient jadis des scientifiques intrépides
+:31:36,550 --> 00:31:38,100
+including Charles Darwin.
+notamment Charles Darwin.
+:31:38,500 --> 00:31:41,100
+They've not been spared the invasion of tourists
+Elles n'ont pas été épargnées par l'invasion des touristes
+:31:41,150 --> 00:31:43,100
+who with the advent of cheaper air travel
+qui ont accès à d'autres parties  du globe
+:31:43,150 --> 00:31:45,100
+have access to greater parts of the globe.
+grâce au développement du transport aérien bon marché.
+:31:45,150 --> 00:31:48,100
+But tourists mean money to the local economy.
+Mais qui dit touristes, dit argent pour l'économie locale